The mortality from ovarian cancer was 3.1 vs 2.6 per 10,000 person years in the screening group and usual care group, respectively, a result that was not statistically different. Two hundred twelve women (5.7 per 10,000 person years) in the screening group and 176 women (4.7 per 10,000 person years) in the usual care group were found to have ovarian cancers. In this study, 78,216 women aged 55 to 74 years were randomly assigned to annual CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound or usual medical care. This large randomised trial which looked at the effect of screening for ovarian cancer in women with average risk of ovarian cancer, concluded that screening did not reduce the ovarian cancer mortality rates. PLCO Cancer Screening Randomised Controlled Trial The recognition that early detection of ovarian cancer may have the potential to improve prognosis prompted the development of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO Trial) Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed late and the overall five-year survival rate can be lower than 35%. When ovarian cancer is diagnosed early and confined to the ovary (Stage 1), the five-year survival rate can be as high as 90%. This risk can be higher, to as high as 10%, if the woman has a strong family history of cancer (see box). The lifetime risk of a woman developing ovarian cancer is about 1.4%. Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries.
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